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1.Isi ojiji ngwaahịa silicon

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, a na-ejikarị ihe silicon na-emepụta diodes / transistors, sekit jikọtara ọnụ, rectifiers, thyristors, wdg Kpọmkwem, diodes / transistors nke ihe silicon na-ejikarị na nkwukọrịta, radar, mgbasa ozi, telivishọn, njikwa akpaka. , wdg;A na-ejikarị sekit agbakwunyere na kọmpụta dị iche iche, nkwukọrịta, mgbasa ozi, njikwa akpaka, elekere elekere eletrọnịkị, ngwa na mita, wdg;a na-ejikarị ndị na-emegharị ihe na-emezigharị;thyristors na-ejikarị eme ihe na Rectifiers na-ejikarị emezigharị, nnyefe DC, na nkesa, locomotives eletriki, njide onwe onye, ​​​​oscillators dị elu, wdg;A na-ejikarị ihe nchọpụta ray eme ihe maka nyocha ike atomiki, nchọpụta quantum ọkụ;A na-ejikarị mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ eme ihe n'ọhịa nke ike ike anyanwụ.

2.Enwere ihe mgbawa n'ọdịnihu nwere ike dochie silicon?

Silicon bụ ihe semiconductor a na-ejikarị eme ihe taa, mana mpụta nke graphene, nke a maara dị ka "eze nke ihe ọhụrụ", emeela ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara buru amụma na graphene nwere ike ịbụ ezigbo nhọrọ maka silicon, mana ọ ga-adabere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ya. mmepe.

Kedu ihe kpatara graphene ji amasị?Ewezuga ihe onwunwe nke semiconductor nke ya, nke na-adịchaghị ala karịa nke silicon, ọ nwekwara ọtụtụ uru na silicon enweghị.Dị ka a na-ewere oke nhazi maka silicon ka ọ bụrụ obosara ahịrị 10nm, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, usoro ahụ na-erughị 10nm, otú ahụ ka ngwaahịa silicon ga-esiwanye ike ma na-achọkwu usoro ahụ.Iji nweta ọkwa dị elu nke njikọta na arụmọrụ, a ghaghị ịhazi ihe ọhụrụ semiconductor, na graphene na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo nhọrọ.Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala mmetụta nke quantum Hall na graphene n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, ihe ahụ adịghịkwa azụ azụ mgbe ọ na-ezute adịghị ọcha, na-atụ aro na ọ nwere ikike eletrik siri ike.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, graphene na-egosi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ìhè, na njirimara anya ya abụghị nanị magburu onwe ya kamakwa ọ na-agbanwe na ọkpụrụkpụ nke graphene.Ya mere, a na-ekpebi ihe onwunwe a ka ọ dabara nke ọma na ngwa na optoelectronics.

Ikekwe, ihe kpatara bullishness nke graphene na-adaberekwa na njirimara ya ọzọ: carbon nanomaterials.Carbon nanotubes enweghị nkebi, oghere oghere emere site na mpempe akwụkwọ nke graphene gbanyere n'ime ahụ nwere ezigbo ọkụ eletrik yana mgbidi dị gịrịgịrị.N'ụzọ doro anya, mgbawa carbon nanotube dị ntakịrị karịa mgbawa silicon n'otu ọkwa nke ntinye;na mgbakwunye, carbon nanotubes n'onwe ha na-emepụta obere okpomọkụ, nke, jikọtara ya na ezigbo okpomọkụ ha, nwere ike ibelata oriri ike;na n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ahịa nke ịnweta carbon element, ọ naghị esiri ike ịnweta ihe carbon, nyere nnukwu nkesa ya na nnukwu ọdịnaya dị n'ụwa.

N'ezie, a na-eji graphene ugbu a na ihuenyo, batrị, na ngwaọrụ wearable, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị enwewo ọganihu dị ukwuu na mpaghara nyocha a, ma n'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na graphene ga-eji dochie silicon n'ezie ma ghọọ ihe bụ isi maka ibe, mgbalị ndị ọzọ ga-eme. dị mkpa na usoro mmepụta ihe na nkà na ụzụ nke ngwaọrụ nkwado.