Site na njedebe narị afọ nke 19, usoro nkesa ike (nke a na-akpọkarị grids) bụ isi iyi ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa.Mgbe emepụtara grids ndị a, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma - na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik ma ziga ya n'ụlọ, ụlọ, na ebe ọ bụla achọrọ ọkụ eletrik.
Ma ka ọchịchọ ọkụ eletrik na-abawanye, ọ dị mkpa ka grid na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.Sistemụ nkesa ike “smart grid” ọgbara ọhụrụ a na-arụ ugbu a gburugburu ụwa na-adabere na teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ iji bulie arụmọrụ.Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha nkọwa nke grid smart na teknụzụ ndị bụ isi na-eme ka ọ mara ihe.
Gịnị bụteknụzụ smart grid?
Grid smart bụ akụrụngwa nkesa ike na-enye nkwukọrịta ụzọ abụọ n'etiti ndị na-eweta ọrụ na ndị ahịa.Teknụzụ dijitalụ na-enyere teknụzụ grid smart aka gụnyere ike/ sensọ ugbu a, ngwaọrụ njikwa, ebe data na smart mita.
Ụfọdụ smart grids maara ihe karịa ndị ọzọ.Ọtụtụ mba etinyela mgbalị siri ike n'ịtụgharị grids nkesa adịgboroja ka ọ bụrụ grids smart, mana mgbanwe a dị mgbagwoju anya na ọ ga-ewe ọtụtụ afọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ iri afọ.
Ọmụmaatụ nke teknụzụ grid smart yana ngwa grid smart
Smart Mita – Smart mita bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na-ewu smart grid.Mita smart na-enye ndị ahịa na ndị na-emepụta ihe eji data oriri ike.Ha na-enye ozi oriri ike na ọnụ ahịa iji mee ka ndị ọrụ mara ka ha belata mkpofu ume ma nyere ndị na-enye aka kwalite ibu nkesa n'ofe grid.Smart mita n'ozuzu mejupụtara atọ isi subsystem: ike ike iji tụọ ike oriri, a microcontroller iji jikwaa nkà na ụzụ n'ime smart mita, na usoro nkwurịta okwu izipu na-anata ike oriri/iwu data.Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ mita smart nwere ike ịnwe ike ndabere (mgbe akara nkesa isi na-agbada) yana modul GSM iji gosi ebe mita ahụ dị maka ebumnuche nchekwa.
Ntinye ego zuru ụwa ọnụ na smart mita amụbaala okpukpu abụọ n'ime afọ iri gara aga.N'afọ 2014, ntinye ego kwa afọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na smart mita bụ $11 nde.Dabere na Statista, ntinye ego smart mita zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru $21 nde site na 2019, na-eburu n'uche uru arụmọrụ sistemụ sitere na mmejuputa smart mita.
Smart load control switches na nkesa switchboards - Ọ bụ ezie na smart mita nwere ike ịnye data ozugbo nye ndị na-eweta ọrụ, ha anaghị achịkwa nkesa ike na-akpaghị aka.Iji kwalite nkesa ike n'oge ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu ma ọ bụ mpaghara ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na-eji ngwaọrụ njikwa ike dị ka mgbanaka njikwa ibu nwere ọgụgụ isi na bọọdụ mgbanwe.Nkà na ụzụ a na-echekwa ike dị ukwuu site na ibelata nkesa na-adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ibu ndị gafere oke oge ojiji ha na-akpaghị aka.Iji kwalite nkesa ike n'oge ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu ma ọ bụ mpaghara ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na-eji ngwaọrụ njikwa ike dị ka mgbanaka njikwa ibu nwere ọgụgụ isi na bọọdụ mgbanwe.Nkà na ụzụ a na-echekwa ike dị ukwuu site na ibelata nkesa na-adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ibu ndị gafere oke oge ojiji ha na-akpaghị aka.
Dị ka ihe atụ, obodo Wadsworth, Ohio, na-eji usoro nkesa ọkụ eletrik arụrụ n’afọ 1916. Obodo Wadsworth na Itron, bụ́ onye na-emepụta ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na-arụkọ ọrụ.Mgbanwe njikwa ibu Smart(SLCS), iji belata usoro ọkụ eletrik site na 5,300 megawatt awa site na ịtinye SLCS n'ụlọ iji na-emegharị ikuku ntụ oyi n'oge oge ọkụ eletrik kacha elu.Automation Sistemụ Ike - A na-enyere aka na teknụzụ grid smart, na-eji akụrụngwa IT ọgbara ọhụrụ na-achịkwa njikọ ọ bụla na yinye nkesa.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sistemu ike akpaaka na-eji sistemụ nnakọta data nwere ọgụgụ isi (dị ka nke smart mita), sistemụ njikwa ike (dị ka mgbanaka njikwa ibu smart), ngwaọrụ nyocha, sistemụ mgbako, na algọridim sistemụ ike.Nchikota nke isi ihe ndị a na-enye ohere grid (ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ grids) ka ọ gbanwee na-ebuli onwe ya elu site na mkpa mmekọrịta mmadụ dị oke mkpa.
Mmejuputa Smart Grid
Mgbe etinyere dijitalụ, nkwukọrịta ụzọ abụọ na teknụzụ akpaaka na grid smart, ọtụtụ mgbanwe akụrụngwa ga-ebuli arụmọrụ grid.Mmejuputa nke Smart Grid enyerela aka mgbanwe akụrụngwa ndị a:
1.Mmepụta ike enweghị isi
N'ihi na smart grid nwere ike na-aga n'ihu na-enyocha ma na-achịkwa nkesa ike, ọ dịghịzi mkpa maka otu nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik.Kama nke ahụ, ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ịmepụta site n'ọtụtụ ọdụ ọkụ na-esighị ike, dị ka igwe ikuku ikuku, ugbo anyanwụ, ebe obibi fotovoltaic anyanwụ panel, obere mmiri mmiri ọkụ, wdg.
2.Ahịa kewara ekewa
Akụrụngwa Smart grid na-akwadokwa njikọ nke ọtụtụ grid dị ka ụzọ eji akọ kesaa ike n'ofe sistemu etiti ọdịnala.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge gara aga, obodo nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche na-ejikọtaghị na obodo ndị agbata obi.Site na mmejuputa akụrụngwa nke smart grid, obodo nwere ike inye aka na atụmatụ mmepụta nkekọrịta iji kpochapụ ndabere mmepụta n'oge mpụ ọkụ.
3.Obere nnyefe
Otu n'ime ihe mkpofu ike kachasị na grid bụ ikesa ike n'ebe dị anya.N'iburu n'uche na smart grids na-emebi mmepụta na ahịa, ohere nkesa net dị n'ime grid smart na-ebelata nke ukwuu, si otú a na-ebelata ihe mkpofu nkesa.Cheedị echiche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu obere ugbo ala anyanwụ nke na-emepụta 100% nke mkpa ọkụ eletrik ụbọchị nke obodo, dị naanị otu kilomita.Enweghị ugbo ala anyanwụ, ndị obodo nwere ike ịnweta ọkụ site na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ dị 100 kilomita site na ya.Ọnwụ ike ndị a na-ahụ n'oge nnyefe sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ dị anya nwere ike ịdị okpukpu narị karịa mfu mbufe a hụrụ site n'ugbo anyanwụ dị na mpaghara.
4.Nkesa ụzọ abụọ
N'ihe banyere ugbo ala anyanwụ, enwere ike inwe ọnọdụ ebe ugbo anyanwụ nwere ike ịmepụta ike karịa ka ndị obodo na-eri, si otú a na-emepụta ike ike.Enwere ike kesaa oke ike a n'ime grid smart, na-enyere aka belata ọchịchọ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ dị anya.
N'okwu a, ike na-esi n'ugbo anyanwụ na-aga na grid bụ isi na-abụghị obodo n'oge ehihie, ma mgbe ugbo anyanwụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, ike na-esi na isi grid gaa n'obodo ahụ.Enwere ike ileba anya ma kwalite usoro ike ike a na-aga n'ihu site na algọridim nkesa ike iji hụ na obere ume na-efunahụ oge ọ bụla n'oge eji.
N'ime akụrụngwa grid smart nwere nkesa bi-directional yana oke grid na-enweghị isi, ndị ọrụ na-enwe ike ime ihe dị ka ndị na-emepụta ihe.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịkwado ụlọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na usoro fotovoltaic anyanwụ nke na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik mgbe ejiri ya.Ọ bụrụ na sistemụ PV obibi na-ewepụta ike karịrị akarị, enwere ike ibunye ike a na grid ka ukwuu, na-ebelata mkpa maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ etiti.
Mkpa nke Smart Grid
N'ọkwa macroeconomic, grids smart dị oke mkpa iji belata oriri ọkụ.Ọtụtụ ndị na-enye ọrụ mpaghara na gọọmentị na-enye usoro mmesapụ aka na ike ike iji sonye na nnabata nke grids smart n'ihi na ọ bara uru ego na gburugburu ebe obibi.Site na ịnakwere grid smart, enwere ike ịwepụta mmepụta ume, si otú a na-ewepụ ihe ize ndụ nke ịgbachi ọkụ, ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ sistemu ọkụ, na iwepụ ihe mkpofu ọkụ na-adịghị mkpa.
Oge nzipu: Mar-15-2023