NUC975DK61Y - Sekit jikọtara ọnụ, agbakwunyere, Microcontrollers - NUVOTON Technology Corporation

1 Nkọwa microcontroller

Dị ka microcontroller bụ arithmetic mgbagha unit, ebe nchekwa, ngụ oge / mgbako, na iche iche / O sekit, wdg. ike n'ime a mgbawa, mejupụtara a isi zuru ezu kọmputa usoro, ọ na-mara dị ka otu-mgbawa microcomputer.

Ihe omume dị na ebe nchekwa microcontroller ejiri ya na ngwaike microcontroller na sekit ngwaike dị n'akụkụ, dị iche na ngwanrọ nke PC, a na-akpọkwa ya mmemme microcontroller dị ka firmware.N'ozuzu, microprocessor bụ CPU na otu sekit jikọtara ọnụ, ebe microcontroller bụ CPU, ROM, RAM, VO, timer, wdg niile na otu sekit jikọtara ọnụ.E jiri ya tụnyere CPU, microcontroller enweghị ike ịgbakọ dị ike, ma ọ bụ nwee MemoryManaaement Unit, nke na-eme microcontroller nwere ike ijikwa ụfọdụ njikwa dị mfe ma dị mfe, mgbagha, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ, yana ejiri ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na njikwa akụrụngwa, nhazi mgbaàmà sensọ. na ubi ndị ọzọ, dị ka ụfọdụ ngwa ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ngwá ọrụ ike, wdg.

2 Ngwakọta nke microcontroller

Microcontroller nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ: Central processor, ebe nchekwa, na ntinye/mpụta:

-Ihe nhazi etiti:

Ihe nhazi etiti bụ isi ihe dị na MCU, gụnyere akụkụ abụọ nke onye ọrụ na onye njikwa.

-Onye ọrụ

Onye na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye mgbakọ na mwepụ & logical unit (ALU), accumulator na registers, wdg. Ọrụ ALU bụ ịrụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ ma ọ bụ ezi uche na data na-abata.ALU nwere ike ịgbakwunye, wepụ, dakọtara, ma ọ bụ atụnyere nha data abụọ a, na n'ikpeazụ na-echekwa nsonaazụ na nchịkọta.

Onye ọrụ nwere ọrụ abụọ:

(1) Iji rụọ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ dị iche iche.

(2) Iji rụọ ọrụ ezi uche dị iche iche na ime ule ezi uche dị na ya, dị ka ule efu efu ma ọ bụ ntụnyere ụkpụrụ abụọ.

Ọrụ niile nke onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ na-eduzi site na akara njikwa sitere na njikwa, na, mgbe ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na-arụpụta nsonaazụ mgbakọ na mwepụ, ọrụ ezi uche na-emepụta mkpebi.

-Onye njikwa

Onye na-ahụ maka ya bụ counter mmemme, ndekọ ntụziaka, onye na-edezi ntụziaka, onye na-emepụta oge na onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ, wdg. Ọ bụ "ahụ na-eme mkpebi" na-enye iwu, ya bụ na-ahazi ma na-eduzi ọrụ nke sistemụ microcomputer dum.Isi ọrụ ya bụ:

(1) Iji weghachite ntuziaka na ebe nchekwa wee gosi ebe nkuzi na-esote na ebe nchekwa.

(2) Iji decode na nwalee ntuziaka ma mepụta akara njikwa ọrụ kwekọrọ iji kwado mmezu nke ihe akọwapụtara.

(3) Na-eduzi ma na-achịkwa ntụzịaka nke data eruba n'etiti CPU, ebe nchekwa na ngwaọrụ ntinye na mmepụta.

Microprocessor na-ejikọta ALU, counters, ndekọ na ngalaba njikwa site na ụgbọ ala dị n'ime, wee jikọọ na ebe nchekwa mpụga na sekit interface ntinye / mmepụta site na ụgbọ ala mpụga.Ụgbọ ala mpụga, nke a na-akpọkwa ụgbọ ala sistemụ, na-ekewa n'ime ụgbọ ala data DB, adreesị ụgbọ ala AB na ụgbọ ala njikwa CB, ma jikọọ ya na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche site na sekit ntinye / mmepụta ihe.

-Ncheta

Enwere ike kewaa ebe nchekwa ụzọ abụọ: ebe nchekwa data na ebe nchekwa mmemme.

A na-eji ebe nchekwa data chekwaa data yana nchekwa mmemme na-echekwa mmemme na paramita.

- Ntinye / mmepụta - Njikọ ma ọ bụ ịnya ngwaọrụ dị iche iche

Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nzikọrịta ozi-ngbanwe data n'etiti MCU na akụkụ dị iche iche, dị ka UART, SPI, 12C, wdg.

3 Nhazi microcontroller

N'ihe gbasara ọnụọgụ nke bits, microcontrollers nwere ike kewaa n'ime: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, na 32-bit.N'ime ngwa bara uru, 32-bit na-enweta 55%, 8-bit bụ 43%, akaụntụ 4-bit maka 2% na 16-bit maka 1%

Enwere ike ịhụ na 32-bit na 8-bit microcontrollers bụ ndị microcontrollers kacha eji eme ihe taa.
Ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ nke bits anaghị anọchi anya microprocessor dị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ọ bụghị ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke bits ka microprocessor dị mma, ọ bụghịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bits dị ala ka microprocessor ka njọ.

8-bit MCU bụ vasatail;ha na-enye mmemme dị mfe, nrụpụta ike na obere ngwugwu (ụfọdụ nwere naanị pin isii).Mana anaghị ejikarị microcontrollers maka ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet na ọrụ nkwukọrịta.

Usoro netwọkụ kachasị na ngwugwu ngwanrọ nkwukọrịta bụ 16- ma ọ bụ 32-bit.Mgbakwunye nkwukọrịta dị maka ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ 8-bit, mana 16- na 32-bit MCU na-abụkarị nhọrọ kachasị mma.Agbanyeghị, a na-ejikarị 8-bit MCU maka njikwa, nghọta na ngwa interface dị iche iche.

N'usoro ihe owuwu, enwere ike kewaa microcontrollers ụzọ abụọ: RISC (Kọmputa Nhazi Nhazi) na CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers).

RISC bụ microprocessor nke na-emezu ụdị ntuziaka kọmpụta dị ole na ole wee malite na 1980 site na isi MIPS (ya bụ, igwe RISC), na microprocessors eji na igwe RISC bụ mkpokọta akpọrọ RISC processors.N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ na-enwe ike ịrụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa (ọtụtụ nde ntụziaka kwa nkeji, ma ọ bụ MIPS).N'ihi na kọmputa na-achọkwu transistor na ihe sekit iji mee ụdị ntụziaka ọ bụla, ka usoro ntụziaka kọmputa na-ebuwanye ibu na-eme ka microprocessor dịkwuo mgbagwoju anya ma na-arụ ọrụ nwayọọ nwayọọ.

CISC na-agụnye ọtụtụ usoro micronstructions bara ụba nke na-eme ka mmepụta nke mmemme na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi.Ihe mejupụtara ntuziaka a bụ asụsụ mgbakọ, na ụfọdụ ọrụ a na-ahụkarị nke ngwa ngwa mejuputara na-eji sistemụ nkuzi ngwaike emejuputa ya kama.Ya mere, a na-ebelata ọrụ nke onye mmemme, a na-ahazikwa ụfọdụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ dị ala n'otu oge n'oge ntụziaka ọ bụla iji mee ka ngwa ngwa nke kọmputa na-egbu, na a na-akpọ usoro a usoro ntụziaka mgbagwoju anya.

4 Nchịkọta

Ihe ịma aka siri ike maka ndị injinia elektrọnik nke oge a bụ iwulite ọnụ ala dị ala, enweghị nsogbu, yana ọbụlagodi na ọdịda nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ sistemu ụgbọ ala, na arụmọrụ ụgbọ ala jiri nwayọ na-abawanye n'oge a, a na-atụ anya na microcontrollers ga-eme ka arụmọrụ ahụ dịkwuo elu. nke ụgbọ ala eletrọnịkị njikwa nkeji.