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I. Gịnị bụ mgbawa

Ihe mgbawa, nke a makwaara dị ka microcircuit, microchip, ma ọ bụ agbakwunyere sekit (IC), bụ mgbawa silicon nwere sekit agbakwunyere, na-adịkarị obere n'ogo yana abụkarị akụkụ nke kọmputa ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnị ọzọ.

Ihe mgbawa bụ okwu ọnụ maka ngwaahịa mpaghara semiconductor, onye na-ebu sekit agbakwunyere, nke nwere wafers.

Wafer bụ obere silicon nwere sekit agbakwunyere nke bụ akụkụ nke kọmputa ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ọzọ.

II.Gịnị bụ a semiconductor

Semiconductor bụ ihe nwere ihe ndị na-eduzi n'etiti ndị na-eduzi na ihe mkpuchi na ụlọ okpomọkụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, diode bụ ngwaọrụ emere site na semiconductor.Semiconductor bụ ihe nwere ike ịchịkwa conductivity eletrik nke nwere ike ịdị site na insulator ruo na onye nduzi.

Mkpa nke semiconductors dị nnukwu, ma n'ihe gbasara nkà na ụzụ na mmepe akụ na ụba.Ọtụtụ n'ime ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị taa, dị ka kọmpụta, ekwentị mkpanaaka, na ihe ndekọ dijitalụ, nwere njikọ chiri anya nke ngalaba ha na semiconductor.

Ihe semiconductor ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere silicon, germanium, na gallium arsenide, ebe silicon bụ ihe kacha emetụta azụmaahịa nke ihe semiconductor dị iche iche.

Ihe dị n'ụdị dị iche iche - siri ike, mmiri mmiri, gas, plasma, wdg. Anyị na-ezokarị aka na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma eletriki, dị ka coal, crystals artificial, amber, and ceramics, dị ka ihe mkpuchi.

Na ndị ọzọ conductive ọla dị ka gold, ọlaọcha, ọla kọpa, ígwè, tin, aluminum, wdg na-ezo aka dị ka ndị nduzi.Ihe ndị na-adaba n'etiti ndị nduzi na ndị insulators nwere ike ịkpọ naanị semiconductor.

III.Kedu ihe bụ sekit agbakwunyere

Sekit agbakwunyere (IC) bụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị pere mpe ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa.

N'iji usoro ụfọdụ, transistors, resistors, capacitors, na inductors chọrọ na sekit na wiring na-ejikọta ọnụ, mere na obere mpempe ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ obere mpempe semiconductor wafers ma ọ bụ dielectric substrates, wee tinye ya na shei tube, ghọọ microstructure na ọrụ sekit achọrọ.

Ihe niile dị n'ime ya ka ahaziela n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-eme ka akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị bụrụ nnukwu nzọụkwụ na-aga n'ihu na obere ike, ike dị ala, ọgụgụ isi, na ntụkwasị obi dị elu.A na-anọchi anya ya na sekit site na mkpụrụedemede "IC".

Ndị mepụtara sekit agbakwunyere bụ Jack Kilby (sekit agbakwunyere dabere na germanium (Ge)) na Robert Noyes (sekit agbakwunyere dabere na silicon (Si)).Ọtụtụ ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor taa bụ sekit agbakwunyere dabere na silicon.

Sekit agbakwunyere bụ ụdị ngwaọrụ semiconductor ọhụrụ emepụtara na ngwụcha afọ 1950 na 1960.

Ọ bụ usoro nrụpụta semiconductor dị ka oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, epitaxy, na evaporation nke aluminom, nke na-ejikọta semiconductor, resistors, capacitors na ihe ndị ọzọ achọrọ iji mepụta sekit nwere ọrụ ụfọdụ yana njikọ njikọ n'etiti ha niile na a. obere mpempe silicon, wee welded na encapsulated na tube ụlọ maka ngwá electronic.Enwere ụdị nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị ka shei gbara gburugburu, larịị ma ọ bụ inline okpukpu abụọ.

Teknụzụ sekit jikọtara ọnụ gụnyere teknụzụ nrụpụta mgbawa na teknụzụ imewe, ọkachasị na akụrụngwa nhazi, teknụzụ nhazi, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nnwale, mmepụta ọtụtụ, yana ikike imepụta ihe ọhụrụ.